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喷灌设备发展过程
喷灌设备发展过程
Development of Sprinkler Irrigation Equipment
喷灌技术创始于19世纪末，在美国和俄国首先使用了固定式的自压管道喷灌系统。
Sprinkler irrigation technology was founded in the late 19th century. Fixed self-pressure pipeline sprinkler irrigation system was first used in the United States and Russia.
1913～1920年间出现了简易的喷灌车，用于草地、菜园、苗圃和果园等。
From 1913 to 1920, simple sprinkler irrigation trucks were used in grasslands, vegetable gardens, nurseries and orchards.
苏联于1922年研制出自动旋转喷头和远射程喷灌装置，30年代制成了双悬臂式喷灌机和塑料管道。
In 1922, the Soviet Union developed an automatic rotating sprinkler and a long-range sprinkler irrigation device. In the 1930s, a double cantilever sprinkler and a plastic pipe were made.
至40年代，摇臂式喷头和快速接头，以及铝合金管开始出现，端拖式和滚移式喷灌机在美国得到应用。
By the 1940s, rocker sprinklers and quick joints, as well as aluminium alloy pipes, began to appear, and end-towed and rolling sprinklers were used in the United States.
50年代美国又研制和生产了水力驱动型圆形喷灌机。
In the 1950s, the United States developed and manufactured a hydraulic-driven circular sprinkler irrigation machine.
60年代研制成电力驱动型圆形喷灌机，同时出现了聚乙烯半软管和钢索绞盘式喷灌机；60年代末研制成平移式喷灌机；70年代初研制成同步脉冲固定式喷灌系统。
In the 1960s, electric-driven circular sprinkler irrigation machine was developed, along with polyethylene www.weishengzhii.cn www.gaibanmoju.com.cn www.canjinzhiji.cn www.guixinguan.com.cn www.bolimian.net.cn www.zhutongdiaosu.com.cnsemi-hose and steel cable winch sprinkler irrigation machine; in the late 1960s, translational sprinkler irrigation machine was developed; and in the early 1970s, synchronous pulse fixed sprinkler irrigation system was developed.
70年代末美国已生产电力驱动的全自动化平移式喷灌机，并发展耗能少的低压喷灌机。
In the late 1970s, the United States has produced fully automatic translational sprinkler irrigation machine driven by electric power, and developed low-pressure sprinkler irrigation machine with less energy consumption.
中国于50年代初开始，在一些大城市郊区的蔬菜地发展固定式喷灌系统。70年代初研制了小型喷灌机（人工降雨机）和旋转式喷头。1978年完成了摇臂式喷头和喷灌泵两个系列产品的研制和生产，还先后研制成轻型、小型、中型和大型喷灌机，此后，全射流喷头和时针式（圆形）、平移式、绞盘式和滚移式喷灌机又研制成功，同时低压喷头和微型喷头也相继出现。
Since the early 1950s, fixed sprinkler irrigation systems have been developed in vegetable fields in the suburbs of some big cities in China. In the early 1970s, a small sprinkler (artificial rainfall machine) and a rotary sprinkler were developed. In 1978, the development and production of rocker-arm sprinkler and sprinkler pump were completed. Light, small, medium and large sprinkler were developed successively. Since then, full-jet sprinkler and time-needle (circular), translation, winch and roll sprinkler have been developed successfully. At the same time, low-pressure sprinkler and micro-sprinkler have appeared successively.
Development of Sprinkler Irrigation Equipment
喷灌技术创始于19世纪末，在美国和俄国首先使用了固定式的自压管道喷灌系统。
Sprinkler irrigation technology was founded in the late 19th century. Fixed self-pressure pipeline sprinkler irrigation system was first used in the United States and Russia.
1913～1920年间出现了简易的喷灌车，用于草地、菜园、苗圃和果园等。
From 1913 to 1920, simple sprinkler irrigation trucks were used in grasslands, vegetable gardens, nurseries and orchards.
苏联于1922年研制出自动旋转喷头和远射程喷灌装置，30年代制成了双悬臂式喷灌机和塑料管道。
In 1922, the Soviet Union developed an automatic rotating sprinkler and a long-range sprinkler irrigation device. In the 1930s, a double cantilever sprinkler and a plastic pipe were made.
至40年代，摇臂式喷头和快速接头，以及铝合金管开始出现，端拖式和滚移式喷灌机在美国得到应用。
By the 1940s, rocker sprinklers and quick joints, as well as aluminium alloy pipes, began to appear, and end-towed and rolling sprinklers were used in the United States.
50年代美国又研制和生产了水力驱动型圆形喷灌机。
In the 1950s, the United States developed and manufactured a hydraulic-driven circular sprinkler irrigation machine.
60年代研制成电力驱动型圆形喷灌机，同时出现了聚乙烯半软管和钢索绞盘式喷灌机；60年代末研制成平移式喷灌机；70年代初研制成同步脉冲固定式喷灌系统。
In the 1960s, electric-driven circular sprinkler irrigation machine was developed, along with polyethylene www.weishengzhii.cn www.gaibanmoju.com.cn www.canjinzhiji.cn www.guixinguan.com.cn www.bolimian.net.cn www.zhutongdiaosu.com.cnsemi-hose and steel cable winch sprinkler irrigation machine; in the late 1960s, translational sprinkler irrigation machine was developed; and in the early 1970s, synchronous pulse fixed sprinkler irrigation system was developed.
70年代末美国已生产电力驱动的全自动化平移式喷灌机，并发展耗能少的低压喷灌机。
In the late 1970s, the United States has produced fully automatic translational sprinkler irrigation machine driven by electric power, and developed low-pressure sprinkler irrigation machine with less energy consumption.
中国于50年代初开始，在一些大城市郊区的蔬菜地发展固定式喷灌系统。70年代初研制了小型喷灌机（人工降雨机）和旋转式喷头。1978年完成了摇臂式喷头和喷灌泵两个系列产品的研制和生产，还先后研制成轻型、小型、中型和大型喷灌机，此后，全射流喷头和时针式（圆形）、平移式、绞盘式和滚移式喷灌机又研制成功，同时低压喷头和微型喷头也相继出现。
Since the early 1950s, fixed sprinkler irrigation systems have been developed in vegetable fields in the suburbs of some big cities in China. In the early 1970s, a small sprinkler (artificial rainfall machine) and a rotary sprinkler were developed. In 1978, the development and production of rocker-arm sprinkler and sprinkler pump were completed. Light, small, medium and large sprinkler were developed successively. Since then, full-jet sprinkler and time-needle (circular), translation, winch and roll sprinkler have been developed successfully. At the same time, low-pressure sprinkler and micro-sprinkler have appeared successively.
