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喷灌设备系统组成
主要由水源动力机、水泵、管道系统和喷头等部分组成。水源动力机、水泵辅以调压和安全设备构成喷灌泵站。与泵站联接的各级管道和闸阀、安全阀、排气阀等构成输水系统。喷洒设备包括末级管道上的喷头或行走装置等。喷灌系统按照喷灌作业过程中可移动的程度分为下列3类。
It is mainly composed of water source power machine, water pump, pipeline system and nozzle. The sprinkler irrigation pump station is composed of water source power machine, water pump assisted by pressure regulating and safety equipment. The water conveyance system is composed of pipelines at all levels, gate valves, safety valves and exhaust valves connected with the pumping station. The spraying equipment includes the nozzle or walking device on the final pipeline. Sprinkler irrigation system can be divided into the following three categories according to the degree of mobility during sprinkler operation.
固定式喷灌系统
Fixed sprinkler irrigation system
除喷头外，各组成部分在长年或灌溉季节均固定不动。干管和支管多埋设在地下，喷头装在由支管接出的竖管上。操作方便，效率高，占地少，也便于综合利用（如结合施肥、喷农药等）和实现灌溉的自动控制。但需要大量管材，单位面积投资高。适用于灌溉频繁的经济作物区（如蔬菜种植区）和高产作物地区。
Except for the sprinkler head, all components are fixed in the long-term or irrigation season. The main pipe and branch pipe are mostly buried underground, and the nozzle is installed on the vertical pipe connected by the branch pipe. It has the advantages of convenient operation, high efficiency, less land occupation, comprehensive utilization (such as combined fertilization, pesticide spraying, etc.) and automatic control of irrigation. However, it needs a lot of pipes and high investment per unit area. It is suitable for economic crop area (such as vegetable planting area) and high yield crop area with frequent irrigation.
半固定式喷灌系统
Semi fixed sprinkler irrigation system
喷灌机、水泵和干管固定，而支管和喷头则可移动。移动的方式有人力搬移、滚移式，由拖拉机或绞车牵引的端拖式，由小发动机驱动作间歇移动的动力滚移式、绞盘式以及自走的圆形及平移式等。其投资比固定式喷灌系统少，喷灌效率较移动式喷灌系统高。常用于大田作物。
The sprinkler, water pump and main pipe are fixed, while the branch pipe and nozzle can be moved. The moving modes include manual moving and rolling type, end dragging type driven by tractor or winch, power rolling type, winch type and self-propelled circular and translational type. Its investment is less than that of fixed sprinkler irrigation system, and the sprinkler irrigation efficiency is higher than that of mobile sprinkler irrigation system. It is commonly used in field crops.
①绞盘式喷灌机。由干管上的给水栓通过软管供水。有3种类型：一种是将钢索绞盘连同驱动绞盘用的动力机、喷头等装在喷灌车上，钢索的一端固定在地头牵引喷灌车前进；另一种是将钢索绞盘及其动力机置于地头，通过钢索牵引装有喷头的喷灌车前进；还有一种是将作为供水支管的软管卷绕在绞盘上，绞盘及喷头装在喷灌车或滑橇上，由软管牵引前进。水力驱动的绞盘式喷灌机是利用干管引来的高压水，通过水涡轮驱动绞盘作业，免去了动力机。
① Winch type sprinkler irrigation machine. The water is supplied by the hydrant on the main pipe through the hose. There are three types: one is to install the cable winch together with the power machine and nozzle used to drive the winch on the sprinkler truck, and one end of the wire rope is fixed on the ground to pull the sprinkler truck forward; the other is to put the cable winch and its power machine on the ground, and pull the sprinkler truck with sprinkler head through the steel cable; the other is to wind the hose as the branch pipe of water supply on the winch, winch and nozzle It is installed on sprinkler truck or skid, and it is pulled forward by hose. The winch type sprinkler irrigation machine driven by hydraulic power uses the high pressure water from the main pipe to drive the winch through the water turbine, thus eliminating the power machine.
②圆形喷灌机和平移式喷灌机。均为多塔车自走式，即将装有许多喷头的薄壁金属支管支承在若干个可以自动行走的塔车上。各塔车都有一套调速、同步、安全控制和驱动系统，使整个支管系统在电力或水力驱动下，自动协调地作缓慢直线运动或绕其一端作回转运动。圆形喷灌机由中心枢轴处供水，支管长60～800米,转一圈的时间为8小时至7天，控制面积150～3000亩，自动化程度很高。但喷洒面积为圆形，为解决方形地块上四个边角地带的灌溉问题，有的装有角喷装置,即在支管的末端装设伸出喷杆或远射程喷头，当转到边角地带时自动接通。平移式喷灌机是通过软管由渠道或固定干管上的给水栓供水。由干管供水时，喷灌机行走一定距离后要移动软管,改接在下一个水栓上，因而自动化程度较低，但喷灌后不会留下边角。
② Circular sprinkler irrigation machine and translational sprinkler irrigation machine. They are self-propelled multi tower cars, that is, thin-walled metal branch pipes equipped with many nozzles are supported on several tower cars that can walk automatically. Each tower car has a set of speed regulation, synchronization, safety control and drive system, so that the whole branch pipe system can automatically and coordinately move slowly in a straight line or rotate around one end under the electric or hydraulic drive. The circular sprinkling irrigation machine is supplied by the central pivot. The branch pipe is 60-800 meters long. The time for turning one circle is 8 hours to 7 days. The control area is 150-3000 mu. The degree of automation is very high. However, the spraying area is round. In order to solve the irrigation problem of the four corner areas on the square plot, some of them are equipped with angle spray device, that is, the end of the branch pipe is installed with an extended spray rod or a long-range nozzle, which is automatically connected when it turns to the corner area. The translational sprinkler irrigation machine is supplied by the water hydrant on the channel or fixed main pipe through the hose. When the water is supplied from the main pipe, the hose must be moved after a certain distance of the sprinkler irrigation machine and connected to the next water bolt. Therefore, the degree of automation is low, but there is no corner left after the sprinkler irrigation.
移动式喷灌系统
Portable system
除水源外，动力机、水泵、干管、支管和喷头等都是可以移动的，因而可在一个灌溉季节里在不同地块轮流使用,提高了设备利用率，并可节省单位面积投资，但工作效率和自动化程度低。常用的类型中，有的是动力机和水泵装在手推车或手架上的轻、小型喷灌机，其喷头装在轻便三角架上，通过软管同水泵连接；有的是将水泵同喷头装在手扶拖拉机上的小型喷灌机，由手扶拖拉机的动力输出装置驱动水泵作业；有的是装在大、中型拖拉机上的双悬臂式喷灌机。移动式喷灌系统适用于灌溉次数较少的大田作物和小块地段。
In addition to the water source, the power machine, water pump, main pipe, branch pipe and sprinkler head are movable, so they can be used in turn in different plots in an irrigation season, which improves the utilization rate of equipment and saves the investment per unit area, but the work efficiency and automation degree are low. Among the commonly used types, some are light and small-sized sprinkler irrigation machines with power machines and pumps installed on trolleys or handframes, and the sprinkler heads are installed on the portable tripod and connected with the water pump through the hose; some are the small-sized sprinkler irrigation machines that install the water pump and the nozzle on the walking tractor, which are driven by the power output device of the walking tractor; some are double suspension mounted on large and medium-sized tractors Arm type sprinkler irrigation machine. Mobile sprinkler irrigation system is suitable for field crops and small plots with less irrigation times.
此外，在有条件的地区，还可发展自压喷灌。其优点是可以利用水的自然落差，不需动力机和水泵，设备简单，操作方便，使用成本低。
In addition, self pressure sprinkler irrigation can be developed in areas where conditions permit. The utility model has the advantages of using the natural drop of water, no power machine and water pump, simple equipment, convenient operation and low cost.
It is mainly composed of water source power machine, water pump, pipeline system and nozzle. The sprinkler irrigation pump station is composed of water source power machine, water pump assisted by pressure regulating and safety equipment. The water conveyance system is composed of pipelines at all levels, gate valves, safety valves and exhaust valves connected with the pumping station. The spraying equipment includes the nozzle or walking device on the final pipeline. Sprinkler irrigation system can be divided into the following three categories according to the degree of mobility during sprinkler operation.
固定式喷灌系统
Fixed sprinkler irrigation system
除喷头外，各组成部分在长年或灌溉季节均固定不动。干管和支管多埋设在地下，喷头装在由支管接出的竖管上。操作方便，效率高，占地少，也便于综合利用（如结合施肥、喷农药等）和实现灌溉的自动控制。但需要大量管材，单位面积投资高。适用于灌溉频繁的经济作物区（如蔬菜种植区）和高产作物地区。
Except for the sprinkler head, all components are fixed in the long-term or irrigation season. The main pipe and branch pipe are mostly buried underground, and the nozzle is installed on the vertical pipe connected by the branch pipe. It has the advantages of convenient operation, high efficiency, less land occupation, comprehensive utilization (such as combined fertilization, pesticide spraying, etc.) and automatic control of irrigation. However, it needs a lot of pipes and high investment per unit area. It is suitable for economic crop area (such as vegetable planting area) and high yield crop area with frequent irrigation.
半固定式喷灌系统
Semi fixed sprinkler irrigation system
喷灌机、水泵和干管固定，而支管和喷头则可移动。移动的方式有人力搬移、滚移式，由拖拉机或绞车牵引的端拖式，由小发动机驱动作间歇移动的动力滚移式、绞盘式以及自走的圆形及平移式等。其投资比固定式喷灌系统少，喷灌效率较移动式喷灌系统高。常用于大田作物。
The sprinkler, water pump and main pipe are fixed, while the branch pipe and nozzle can be moved. The moving modes include manual moving and rolling type, end dragging type driven by tractor or winch, power rolling type, winch type and self-propelled circular and translational type. Its investment is less than that of fixed sprinkler irrigation system, and the sprinkler irrigation efficiency is higher than that of mobile sprinkler irrigation system. It is commonly used in field crops.
①绞盘式喷灌机。由干管上的给水栓通过软管供水。有3种类型：一种是将钢索绞盘连同驱动绞盘用的动力机、喷头等装在喷灌车上，钢索的一端固定在地头牵引喷灌车前进；另一种是将钢索绞盘及其动力机置于地头，通过钢索牵引装有喷头的喷灌车前进；还有一种是将作为供水支管的软管卷绕在绞盘上，绞盘及喷头装在喷灌车或滑橇上，由软管牵引前进。水力驱动的绞盘式喷灌机是利用干管引来的高压水，通过水涡轮驱动绞盘作业，免去了动力机。
① Winch type sprinkler irrigation machine. The water is supplied by the hydrant on the main pipe through the hose. There are three types: one is to install the cable winch together with the power machine and nozzle used to drive the winch on the sprinkler truck, and one end of the wire rope is fixed on the ground to pull the sprinkler truck forward; the other is to put the cable winch and its power machine on the ground, and pull the sprinkler truck with sprinkler head through the steel cable; the other is to wind the hose as the branch pipe of water supply on the winch, winch and nozzle It is installed on sprinkler truck or skid, and it is pulled forward by hose. The winch type sprinkler irrigation machine driven by hydraulic power uses the high pressure water from the main pipe to drive the winch through the water turbine, thus eliminating the power machine.
②圆形喷灌机和平移式喷灌机。均为多塔车自走式，即将装有许多喷头的薄壁金属支管支承在若干个可以自动行走的塔车上。各塔车都有一套调速、同步、安全控制和驱动系统，使整个支管系统在电力或水力驱动下，自动协调地作缓慢直线运动或绕其一端作回转运动。圆形喷灌机由中心枢轴处供水，支管长60～800米,转一圈的时间为8小时至7天，控制面积150～3000亩，自动化程度很高。但喷洒面积为圆形，为解决方形地块上四个边角地带的灌溉问题，有的装有角喷装置,即在支管的末端装设伸出喷杆或远射程喷头，当转到边角地带时自动接通。平移式喷灌机是通过软管由渠道或固定干管上的给水栓供水。由干管供水时，喷灌机行走一定距离后要移动软管,改接在下一个水栓上，因而自动化程度较低，但喷灌后不会留下边角。
② Circular sprinkler irrigation machine and translational sprinkler irrigation machine. They are self-propelled multi tower cars, that is, thin-walled metal branch pipes equipped with many nozzles are supported on several tower cars that can walk automatically. Each tower car has a set of speed regulation, synchronization, safety control and drive system, so that the whole branch pipe system can automatically and coordinately move slowly in a straight line or rotate around one end under the electric or hydraulic drive. The circular sprinkling irrigation machine is supplied by the central pivot. The branch pipe is 60-800 meters long. The time for turning one circle is 8 hours to 7 days. The control area is 150-3000 mu. The degree of automation is very high. However, the spraying area is round. In order to solve the irrigation problem of the four corner areas on the square plot, some of them are equipped with angle spray device, that is, the end of the branch pipe is installed with an extended spray rod or a long-range nozzle, which is automatically connected when it turns to the corner area. The translational sprinkler irrigation machine is supplied by the water hydrant on the channel or fixed main pipe through the hose. When the water is supplied from the main pipe, the hose must be moved after a certain distance of the sprinkler irrigation machine and connected to the next water bolt. Therefore, the degree of automation is low, but there is no corner left after the sprinkler irrigation.
移动式喷灌系统
Portable system
除水源外，动力机、水泵、干管、支管和喷头等都是可以移动的，因而可在一个灌溉季节里在不同地块轮流使用,提高了设备利用率，并可节省单位面积投资，但工作效率和自动化程度低。常用的类型中，有的是动力机和水泵装在手推车或手架上的轻、小型喷灌机，其喷头装在轻便三角架上，通过软管同水泵连接；有的是将水泵同喷头装在手扶拖拉机上的小型喷灌机，由手扶拖拉机的动力输出装置驱动水泵作业；有的是装在大、中型拖拉机上的双悬臂式喷灌机。移动式喷灌系统适用于灌溉次数较少的大田作物和小块地段。
In addition to the water source, the power machine, water pump, main pipe, branch pipe and sprinkler head are movable, so they can be used in turn in different plots in an irrigation season, which improves the utilization rate of equipment and saves the investment per unit area, but the work efficiency and automation degree are low. Among the commonly used types, some are light and small-sized sprinkler irrigation machines with power machines and pumps installed on trolleys or handframes, and the sprinkler heads are installed on the portable tripod and connected with the water pump through the hose; some are the small-sized sprinkler irrigation machines that install the water pump and the nozzle on the walking tractor, which are driven by the power output device of the walking tractor; some are double suspension mounted on large and medium-sized tractors Arm type sprinkler irrigation machine. Mobile sprinkler irrigation system is suitable for field crops and small plots with less irrigation times.
此外，在有条件的地区，还可发展自压喷灌。其优点是可以利用水的自然落差，不需动力机和水泵，设备简单，操作方便，使用成本低。
In addition, self pressure sprinkler irrigation can be developed in areas where conditions permit. The utility model has the advantages of using the natural drop of water, no power machine and water pump, simple equipment, convenient operation and low cost.
